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Off the scales
July 23, 2015|How It Works

Off the scales

Off the scales

One of the defining characteristics of a fish is scales, right? That’s what most people think. Someone forgot to tell that to the stonefish. They’re a very un-fish-like fish.

They look like a stone, they waddle rather than swim and they can live out of the water for over 2 hours. They also have skin not scales, layers of keratinised skin (same stuff as our fingernails).

As we know from our previous post, stonefish attract marine plants to grow on them by lathering themselves in a chemical they produce, which acts like a fertiliser. It’s all a part of their strategy to blend into their environment and let their prey come to them.

But all gardens need maintenance and the deadly one this fish grows is no different.

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How TTX Does Its Thang
July 18, 2015|How It Works

How TTX Does Its Thang

How TTX Does Its Thang

Here’s the lowdown on TTX. If you’ve been following our blogs you would have heard about Tetradotoxin (TTX). If not, it’s a kick-ass toxin that is manufactured by bacteria in a range of animals, giving them super powers. Powers that make it super toxic to taste or powers that helps them to dish out death. The tiny Blue-ringed Octopus, uses it to paralyse its prey.

So how does it work?

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Getting Toxic
July 15, 2015|How It Works

Getting Toxic

Getting Toxic

When it comes to toxicity, size doesn’t matter. You heard right, … size DOES NOT matter! Enter the Blue-ringed Octopus, a lightweight, tipping the scales at a paltry 25grams. What it lacks in size, it makes up for with its fearsome reputation as one of the world’s deadliest predators.

So what type of weapon, could a tiny animal, with all it’s body bits shove into a sack on its head, possibly posses to make it so scary? Spit. Serious? Yep you heard it right… also known by the fancy name saliva.

But people… this is no average spit and it’s not the type that you want to be playing tonsil hockey with. It’s laced with tetradotoxin (TTX) a deadly neurotoxin that paralyses prey. And Blue-rings are so badass that they get other animals (bacteria) to make the TTX for them, which they happily do, hanging out in the Blue-rings salivary glands.

Now consider this… around 400ug of TTX is found in an adult Blue-ringed Octopus. The Lethal Dose factor for TTX is 5ug per kg of person. So a 70kg adult would need around 350ug to send them to their grave. That’s around 1/1000th of a poppy seed! Can you even begin to imagine how teeny tiny that is?

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Flashing 101 – How Chromatophores Work
July 13, 2015|How It Works

Flashing 101 – How Chromatophores Work

Flashing 101 – How Chromatophores Work

Octopus flash, but without the long brown trench-coats. So if you want to make it as a flasher in the marine world, you need a boneless body covered in little bags of coloured pigment. That’s the secret of cephalopods, the group of animals, which the Blue-ringed Octopus belongs to.

The fancy pants name for these little bags of colour are chromatophores and they contain different types of pigments. e.g. melanophores(black), erythrophores (red), xanthophores (yellow), or leucophores (white) when you’re feeling meh… These bags of colour have muscles attached to them, so when the muscles contract the bag opens, and voila…shows the pigment. More muscle contraction equals more colour.

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The Nature of Science (TNOS) showcases scientific research using our warped sense of humour, brains trust and creativity. See behind the microscopes, beakers and re-breathers as we dig a little deeper into the research and discovery of the natural world. If you want to take a walk on the wild side dust off your lab coats and jump on board as our talented team of scientists and world-class cinematographers use time-lapse and high-speed footage sequences to showcase science and nature like never before.
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